地底下的氣泡——UCCA沙丘美術館

由中國的OPEN建築事務所設計的建築作品《UCCA沙丘美術館》，位於河北省秦皇島的渤海沿岸，如名字所示，是一座「位於沙丘之下」的美術館。
In Qinhuangdao, China, Beijing-based firm  OPEN Architecture has designed “UCCA Dune”, a museum whose undulating form sits submerged beneath the sand dunes, beside the Bohai Sea.

「《UCCA沙丘美術館》回歸了最原始、永恆的空間型態」建築師這樣描述這件作品。確實，美術館被周圍的景觀層層疊疊的包覆著，內部充滿了不規則的曲線空間，就彷彿天然生成的地下洞穴一般，有機自然。這座930平方公尺大的地下美術館靈感來自兒童在海灘邊的嬉戲時光：花費大量的時間在鬆軟的沙灘上挖掘，沙子不斷的從手中流逝，卻又令人充滿喜悅。這樣的「挖掘」創造了一連串的互相連接且有機形狀的空間。這些空間被沙子包圍，形成一個個地下洞穴，彷彿遠古時期人類最原始的家。正是在這樣的空間裡，誕生出人類最早的藝術創作——洞穴壁畫。
The architects describe ‘UCCA Dune’ as “a return to primal and timeless forms of space”: swathed by folds of the surrounding landscape, the underground museum has an organic composition that seems to mimic caves, animal burrows, or the paths of root systems. The subterranean nature of the 930 square meter building was inspired by children’s play at the beach; namely, the hours are spent digging tirelessly in the sand dunes. Such ‘digging’, the architects explain, “creates a series of interconnected, organically shaped spaces which, enveloped by sand, resemble caves—the primeval home of man, whose walls were once a canvas for some of humanity’s earliest works of art.”

館內的區域，像是地下一個又一個的氣泡，獨立卻又相連。室內不僅有展出的藝術品，更設有許多的窗戶，與其說是窗戶，這些置於頭頂位置的「洞」更像是為地下帶來日光的隧道，連結了地上與地下的世界，提供觀眾不同的視角，觀看海與天的同時，更思考「觀看」本身。
These connecting sections of the museum seem to bloom from one another, their art-adorned interiors feature tunnel windows that offer different perspectives of the sea and the sky.

至於為何要將美術館蓋在地下呢？尤倫斯當代藝術中心（Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, UCCA）和OPEN建築事務所出於對自然的崇敬，以及保存當地原始沙丘的決心，決定在不破壞地形的前提下，將這裡的自然風貌保存下來。「也因為這座美術館的存在，」建築師說道，「這些沙丘將會被留下並受到人們的欣賞，而不是像其他的原始沙丘一樣，被剷平並蓋出一堆海景大樓。」
The decision of Ullens Center for Contemporary Art and OPEN Architecture to build beneath the ground, as opposed to above, was born from a reverence for nature and a collective desire to preserve the site’s original composition. “Because of the museum, these sand dunes will be preserved instead of leveled to make space for ocean-view real estate developments,” the architects explain, “as has happened to many other dunes along the shore.”

 

Designer: OPEN Architecture

PHOTOGRAPHER: Nan Ni, Qingshan Wu

WORDS: Rosie Flanagan

Source: Ignant